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Subject: Coordinate system and end force directions for Shell elements Program: ideCAD Static Coordinate System 1- Axes 2- Shell element forces directions and meanings Coordinate System 1- Axes[/ b] The axes and node numbers of the shell element are as shown in the figure. 2- Directions and meanings of shell element forces Forces in plan view: Moments in plan view: Bending moments in M11, M22 1 and 2 axes M12 Plane torsion V13, V23 Shear forces perpendicular to the surface of the element F11, F22 , tensile forces within the element plane F12 Element shear force The subject has also been added to the message as a pdf document.